AGV is more flexible, efficient, convenient operation and maintenance, rich functions, strong security and other characteristics than traditional carriers. In the process of handling, AGV does not need any fixed devices such as laying track or support frame during the activity, and it is not even affected by the site and roads. Nowadays, there are many common AGV navigation methods on the market, such as electromagnetic navigation, magnetic stripe navigation, two-dimensional code navigation, laser navigation, visual navigation, etc.
Magnetic stripe navigation
Magnetic stripe navigation technology is similar to electromagnetic navigation, but the difference is that the metal wire road used is attached with a magnetic stripe, which is realized by guiding the magnetic stripe detection signal.
Advantages of the magnetic strip navigation system: AGV positioning is accurate, and the laying, change or expansion of the path is relatively easy compared with the complex electromagnetic navigation, and the cost level of the magnetic strip is low.
QR code navigation
The principle of two-dimensional code navigation is to obtain the current position information by scanning the two-dimensional code that the camera is placed on the ground and analyzing the two-dimensional code information. Two-dimensional coded navigation is usually combined with inertial navigation to achieve accurate positioning. Inertial navigation is to use mobile robot sensors (photoelectric encoder, gyroscope) to obtain the position and attitude of the robot, usually as an auxiliary positioning.
Advantages of two-dimensional code navigation system: accurate positioning, small and flexible, easy laying and changing development path, convenient management and control information communication, and no interference to sound and light.
Laser navigation
Laser reflectors are divided into navigation and natural science:
The laser reflector navigation is to install a precise reflector around the AGV driving data path, and the laser scanner is installed on the AGV body. When the laser scanner moves with the AGV, we send out a laser beam. The laser beam is directly reflected back by multiple groups of reflective plates laid along the AGV driving vehicle path, triggering the controller's work record and the angle when the rotating laser head encounters various reflective plates. The controller needs to match the angle values of students and enterprises with the actual position information of this group of reflectors to calculate the absolute coordinates of AGV. Based on the principle of China, it is to realize the development of very accurate laser guidance.
Advantages of laser navigation: the way of laser navigation enables AGV to flexibly plan the path, accurately locate, flexibly change the drive path, and construct more squarely and conveniently.
Visual navigation
The acquired image information is visually navigated around the operation area through the navigation method of the vehicle AGV vision sensor. It requires hardware video cameras, lights and light support to achieve this and other types of navigation. The camera of the mode is captured by AGV in the process of automatic generation of the texture mapping of the ground movement, and then the current posture of the mobile robot is estimated. The texture information of the mobile robot that is grounded during the operation is registered and compared with the texture mapping of the self image.
Advantages of visual navigation: The advantages of visual texture navigation are that the hardware design cost is relatively low and the positioning can be accurate.