With the continuous improvement of sensor technology, intelligent technology and computing technology, intelligent mobile robots must be able to play a human role in production and life. So, what are the main aspects of AGV mobile robot positioning technology?
1. Ultrasonic navigation and positioning technology
The working principle of ultrasonic navigation and positioning is also similar to that of laser and infrared. Usually, the ultrasonic wave is emitted by the emission probe of the ultrasonic sensor, and the ultrasonic wave returns to the receiving device when encountering obstacles in the medium.
Ultrasonic sensors have been widely used in the navigation and positioning of mobile robots for a long time due to their low cost, fast information acquisition rate and high range resolution. Moreover, it does not need complex image equipment technology when collecting environmental information, so it has fast ranging speed and good real-time performance.
2. Visual Navigation and Positioning Technology
In the visual navigation and positioning system, the navigation method based on local vision to install vehicle mounted cameras in robots is widely used at home and abroad. In this navigation mode, control equipment and sensing devices are loaded on the robot body, and high-level decisions such as image recognition and path planning are completed by the on-board control computer.
The working principle of the visual navigation and positioning system is simply to perform optical processing on the surrounding environment of the robot. First, use the camera to collect image information, compress the collected information, and then feed it back to a learning subsystem composed of neural networks and statistical methods. Then, the learning subsystem connects the collected image information with the actual position of the robot, Complete the autonomous navigation and positioning function of the robot.
3. GPS Global Positioning System
Nowadays, in the application of navigation and positioning technology for intelligent robots, the pseudo range differential dynamic positioning method is generally used. The reference receiver and the dynamic receiver are used to jointly observe four GPS satellites. According to a certain algorithm, the three-dimensional position coordinates of the robot at a certain time and moment can be obtained. Differential dynamic positioning eliminates the star clock error. For users 1000 km away from the reference station, it can eliminate the star clock error and tropospheric error, thus significantly improving the dynamic positioning accuracy.
4. Light reflection navigation and positioning technology
The typical optical reflection navigation and positioning method mainly uses laser or infrared sensor to range. Laser and infrared both use light reflection technology for navigation and positioning.
Laser global positioning system is generally composed of laser rotating mechanism, reflector, photoelectric receiving device, data acquisition and transmission device, etc. Although infrared sensor positioning also has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure, low cost, etc., but because of their high angle resolution and low distance resolution, they are often used as proximity sensors in mobile robots to detect approaching or sudden motion obstacles, which is convenient for robot emergency stop.
5. At present, the mainstream robot positioning technology is SLAM technology
Most of the industry leading service robot enterprises have adopted SLAM technology. What is SLAM technology on earth? In short, SLAM technology refers to the complete process of robot positioning, mapping and path planning in an unknown environment.
SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), since it was proposed in 1988, is mainly used to study the intelligence of robot movement. For completely unknown indoor environment, after equipped with core sensors such as laser radar, SLAM technology can help the robot to build indoor environment map and help the robot to walk independently.